Pre-Illness Isoflavone Consumption and Disease Risk of Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicenter Case-Control Study in Japan

INTRODUCTION Previous studies have suggested that estrogens play a role in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC). Because isoflavones have a similar structure to 17β-estradiol, dietary consumption of isoflavones may have similar influences on the development of UC. We examined the association between pre-illness isoflavone consumption and the risk of UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a hospital-based case control study, and compared the dietary habits of 126 newly diagnosed UC cases with those of 170 age- and gender-matched hospital controls. Information on dietary factors was collected using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. To consider potential changes in dietary habits due to disease symptoms, the habits were assessed separately during the previous 1 month and at 1 year before the recruitment. RESULTS In the assessment of dietary habits during the previous 1 month, the highest tertile of isoflavone consumption revealed an increased odds ratio (OR) for UC (OR = 2.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.39-5.59; Trend P = 0.004). A significant association was also observed for the dietary assessment at 1 year before, when most UC cases had not yet experienced their first disease symptoms (OR = 2.06; 95% CI, 1.05-4.04; Trend P = 0.04). Associations were more pronounced in females (OR in highest tertile of isoflavone consumption at 1 year before = 4.76; 95% CI, 1.30-17.5; Trend P = 0.02) but were obscured in males (corresponding OR = 1.21; 95% CI, 0.49-3.01; Trend P = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS Dietary isoflavone consumption may be associated with an increased risk of UC, particularly in females. Prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm these findings.